![]() ![]() This artificial breathing actuator with photothermal and catalytical properties provides a strategy in designing intelligent hydrogel systems and proves to be a highly promising material candidates in the fields of 3D/4D printing, automated robotics, and smart biomedical devices. As compared with the 4D printing of 2D-to-3D shape-shifting materials, the 4D printing of reconfigurable (i.e., 3D-to-3D shape-shifting). Notably, 4D printing can greatly facilitate and simplify the actuator fabrication process, including adjusting the size and layer compositions. The ecacy of our biomimetic 4D printing (bio-4DP) method relies on the ability to deterministically define the elastic and swelling anisotropies by local control of the orientation of cellulose fibrils within the hydrogel composite. ![]() Additionally, the catalase-like property of nanothylakoid imparts the actuator with O-2 evolution capability to breathe for further mimicking botanical systems. Upon thermal stimulation or laser irradiation, the actuator can reversibly bend/unbend because of the photothermal conversion of nanothylakoid and the printed thermoresponsive asymmetric bilayer structure. The printed breathing actuators featured with spinach leaf-derived thylakoid membrane (nanothylakoid) for photothermal conversion and catalytical O-2 evolution, a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) thermoresponsive polymer network for generating deformation forces by swelling/shrinkage (rehydration/dehydration), and an asymmetric bilayer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/polyacrylamide (PNIPA/PAA) structure to amplify the mechanical motions. The review paper covers all aspects related to shape changing mechanisms from. Herein, 4D printed-smart hydrogel actuators are reported that can not only dynamically deform but also generate oxygen (O-2) upon external stimulations. 4D printing is appending one more dimension in the 3D printing, i.e., time. Here, we develop a biomimetic hydrogel composite that can be 4D printed into programmable bilayer architectures patterned in space and time, which are encoded with localized swelling anisotropy. Here, we propose a numerical approach to convert the discrete geometry of filament bilayers, associated with print paths of inks with given material properties, into continuous plates with inhomogeneous growth patterns and thicknesses. Shape-morphing actuators, which can breathe with the accompany of morphology changes to mimic botanical events, are challenging to fabricate with soft hydrogel materials. Hao Zhao, Yiming Huang, Fengting Lv, Libing Liu, Qi Gu, and Shu Wang To mimic the role of the natural periosteum in promoting bone repair, a 4D printing technique to inlay aligned cell sheets on shape-shifting hydrogel is used, containing biophysical signals and spatially adjustable physical properties, for the first time. by biomimetic 4D printing with composite hydrogel and cellulose fibrils. Date: Source: American Institute of Physics. fabricated ink for a 4D-printed contact, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, along with glucose, nanofibrillated cellulose, and a photoinitiator, and performed biomimetic 4D printing utilizing the DIW technique. Contents (Applied Materials Today, Volume 18, March 2020, Article number 100490\rDOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2019.100490\r\r) The 4D-printed structure showed reversible shape morphing when subjected to heating at 75 ☌ and cooled to room temperature. Just as a Viola verecunda disperses its seeds one by one, the biomimetic catapult was developed via the multi. Applied Materials Today, Volume 18, March 2020, Article number 100490 The researchers were unable to achieve the velocity of violet seeds shot out of their pods, but nevertheless, the speed of the projectile was very high according to the standards of 4D printing, reaching several meters per second. ![]()
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